Indonesia, North Sumatra (2016)
|
Sample size
|
2950 |
|
Response rate
|
98.9% |
|
RAAB version
|
RAAB6 |
|
Diabetic retinopathy
|
No |
|
Disability module
|
No |
Survey comparison
Vision impairment
Prevalence (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
Blind
|
22079
|
1.8
|
1.0 - 2.7
|
13524
|
1.3
|
0.5 - 2.0
|
35603
|
1.6
|
0.9 - 2.2
|
|
Severe
|
25956
|
2.2
|
1.4 - 2.9
|
15500
|
1.4
|
0.7 - 2.2
|
41456
|
1.8
|
1.2 - 2.4
|
|
Moderate
|
117186
|
9.8
|
8.0 - 11.6
|
78239
|
7.3
|
5.3 - 9.3
|
195425
|
8.6
|
7.1 - 10.2
|
|
Mild
|
163698
|
13.7
|
11.5 - 15.9
|
99465
|
9.3
|
7.2 - 11.3
|
263163
|
11.6
|
9.9 - 13.4
|
Cataract
Cataract surgical coverage (CSC) (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
<3/60
|
-
|
64.8
|
45.4 - 84.1
|
-
|
71.5
|
56.1 - 56.1
|
-
|
67.5
|
53.2 - 81.7
|
|
<6/60
|
-
|
47.9
|
32.0 - 63.8
|
-
|
62.5
|
47.5 - 77.5
|
-
|
53.2
|
40.3 - 66.1
|
|
<6/18
|
-
|
21.2
|
11.8 - 30.5
|
-
|
28.2
|
18.0 - 38.4
|
-
|
23.7
|
15.6 - 31.9
|
|
<6/12
|
-
|
14.1
|
8.4 - 19.9
|
-
|
15.4
|
9.0 - 21.7
|
-
|
14.6
|
9.7 - 19.5
|
Effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
<3/60
|
-
|
25.9
|
12.9 - 38.9
|
-
|
47.5
|
28.0 - 66.9
|
-
|
34.7
|
23.2 - 46.1
|
|
<6/60
|
-
|
21.1
|
10.5 - 31.7
|
-
|
39.3
|
22.2 - 56.3
|
-
|
27.7
|
18.0 - 37.4
|
|
<6/18
|
-
|
9.0
|
3.9 - 14.1
|
-
|
16.8
|
8.4 - 25.2
|
-
|
11.8
|
7.3 - 16.3
|
|
<6/12
|
-
|
5.7
|
2.7 - 8.7
|
-
|
8.7
|
3.9 - 13.5
|
-
|
6.9
|
4.3 - 9.5
|
Unmet need for cataract surgery: magnitude & prevalence (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
<3/60
|
10375
|
0.9
|
0.3 - 1.4
|
5751
|
0.5
|
0.1 - 1.0
|
16127
|
0.7
|
0.3 - 1.1
|
|
<6/60
|
22235
|
1.9
|
1.1 - 2.6
|
9142
|
0.9
|
0.3 - 1.4
|
31377
|
1.4
|
0.8 - 2.0
|
|
<6/18
|
79092
|
6.6
|
5.0 - 8.3
|
40850
|
3.8
|
2.5 - 5.1
|
119942
|
5.3
|
4.0 - 6.6
|
|
<6/12
|
145943
|
12.2
|
10.1 - 14.4
|
92810
|
8.7
|
6.3 - 11.1
|
238753
|
10.5
|
8.6 - 12.4
|
Refractive error
Effective refractive error coverage (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
eREC
|
-
|
22.6
|
15.2 - 30.0
|
-
|
28.4
|
20.0 - 36.7
|
-
|
25.1
|
19.2 - 31.1
|
|
REC
|
-
|
27.7
|
20.1 - 35.3
|
-
|
33.0
|
24.4 - 41.6
|
-
|
30.0
|
24.1 - 36.0
|
eREC = effective refractive error coverage; REC = refractive error coverage
Vision impairing refractive error prevalence (age-sex adjusted)
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
Extrapolated magnitude
|
%
|
95% CI
|
|
Blind
|
0
|
0.0
|
0.0 - 0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0.0 - 0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0.0 - 0.0
|
|
Severe
|
715
|
0.1
|
0.0 - 0.2
|
992
|
0.1
|
0.0 - 0.3
|
1707
|
0.1
|
0.0 - 0.2
|
|
Moderate
|
18538
|
1.6
|
1.0 - 2.1
|
19358
|
1.8
|
1.0 - 2.6
|
37896
|
1.7
|
1.1 - 2.2
|
|
Mild
|
101327
|
8.5
|
6.8 - 10.2
|
67241
|
6.3
|
4.6 - 7.9
|
168568
|
7.4
|
6.1 - 8.8
|
Vision impairing refractive error is defined as presenting VA less than 6/12 improving to 6/12 with pinhole. Use of presenting VA accounts for the prevalence of uncorrected or undercorrected refractive error only.
Notes
Vision impairment categories defined according to WHO thresholds using presenting visual acuity in the better eye.
All prevalence and coverage estimates are adjusted to the age and gender distribution of the population 50 years and older in the survey area.
All 95% confidence intervals adjusted to account for the cluster design of the survey.
Effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) are calculated according to the 2022 definition; eCSC is only reported where 6/12 data available.
Refractive error results, including effective refractive error coverage (eREC), only reported where 6/12 data available. RAAB6 surveys measured presenting visual acuity (not uncorrected visual acuity) so the alternative calculation for eREC is used.